Flashcard: Most Frequently Used Chinese Characters [No.26 要]
Learn Chinese Characters through frequency of use: No.26 "要" [你要不要喝点什么？ Do you want to drink something?]
HSK Level 1 Chinese Grammar Lesson 4
1 和 "and"
2 和 "with"
3 Preposition 在 + Place / Time
4 Verb 在 "exist; be located somewhere"
5 在 + Verb "in the process of doing sth."
6 会 "will; can; be capable of"
7 能 "can; may"
8 会 vs. 能
9 不能 vs. 不会
10 Pronoun + 的
11 Adj. + 的 + Noun
12 的：Expressing emphasis
13 A of B = B的A
14 的: Indicating sb. or sth.
15 Expressing completion: Verb + 了
16 Change of situation with 了
17 Question with 吗?
18 Modal Particle: 呢
Music: Arms of Heaven Aakash Gandhi
HSK 1 Chinese Grammar Lesson 3 - Adverbs[不,没,很,太,都]
1 不+Verb/Adj./Adv. "Not"
2 Negative Answer: 不"No"
3 Verb + 不: Negation of the complement clause
4 不-不-"neither…nor"
5 不+大+Verb "not very; not often"
6 Negation of modal verbs
7 不 vs. 没
8 没有 = The negative form of 有
9 Comparison：没"not as good as;inferior to"
10 Adv. 很 "very"
11 很不 vs. 不很
12 Adv. 太 "too"
13 不+太+adj. "not very; not too"
14 Negation of adv. 都 "all"
15 Adv. 都 "even; already"
16 Time + 没/不 + Verb
17 不+了 "not-anymore"
18 什么/谁 + 都 + 没/不 + Verb "not anything/anyone"
Learn Most Frequently Used Chinese Characters [No.1-20]
1 的 - 这是你的吗?
2 一 - 我们一块儿去上学。
3 是 - 今天是星期天。
4 不 - "谢谢你。" "不客气！"
5 了 - 我回来了。
6 在 - 我现在好了。
7 人 - 你是个好人。
8 有 - 他有不少的朋友。
9 我 - 我们上哪儿去？
10 他 - 他去了吗？
11 这 - 他在这儿有很多朋友。
12 个 - 今天是个好天。
13 们 - 我们是好朋友。
14 中 - 他中午在家吗？
15 来 - 他们几时回来？
16 上 - 她上午十点开车去学校。
17 大 - 有这么大呢!
18 为 - 你为什么不上医院？
19 和 - 他很喜欢吃蔬菜和米饭。
20 国 - 我明年会去中国。
HSK 1 Chinese Grammar Lesson 1 - Pronouns
1 Personal Pronouns + 们
2 Nouns + 们
3 Personal Pronouns: Gender
4 Personal Pronouns: Case
5 Demonstrative pronouns: 这 / 那
6 Interrogative pronoun + 也/都
7 哪个 / 哪些 "Which"
8 哪儿 / 哪里 "Where"
9 谁 "Who" 10 Confusion between 哪 and 什么
11 什么 "What"
12 做什么 "What-to do"
13 多少"How much, how many"/多大"How old"
14 怎么样 "How about"
15 怎么 "How; What"
16 不怎么 "Not much"
18 Chinese Grammar Points about 在 (zài)
Daily Zhongwen 每日中文 http://www.dailyzhongwen.com
1 Verb 在 "exist; be located somewhere"
2 Verb 在 "be alive"
3 Negative form 不在；Affirmative-negative form 在不在
4 Adverb 在 "in the process of doing sth.; just; be + verb+ing"
5 在/正在 + Verb + 着
6 在 & (Adverb+地) + Verb
7 Preposition 在 + Nouns of locality
8 Prepositional phrases with 在
9 把 + Verb + 在+location
10 被+Verb+在 + location
11 在过去+Duration of time+里
12 在-时/时候 "when; while"
13 在-期间 "During"
14 Emphatic Expression 就+在
15 又+在 "again"
16 还+在 "Still"
17 Verb在于"lie in"
18 早在-就"as early as"
HSK 1 Chinese Grammar Lesson 2 - Expressing Time
1 Expressing Time
2 Positions of Time Phrases(1)
3 Positions of Time Phrases(2)
4 Positions of Time Phrases(3)
5 Positions of Time Phrases(4)
6 了+ Duration of Time +了
7 It "它": referring to time
8 This, next and last: Day / Year
9 上"last"/下"next"+星期/月
10 几点-"What time" / 什么时候-"When"
11 Measure Word 个 + 星期/月
12 Numeral + 年/天/分钟
13 小时 vs. 点/点钟
14 分 vs. 分钟
15 分 vs. 分钟
16 Adverbial time phrase
17 Adverbial time phrase
18 Time phrase as verb complement
18 Chinese Grammar Points in HSK level 1
1 Personal Pronouns + 们
2 Nouns + 们
3 Personal Pronouns: Gender
4 Personal Pronouns: Case
5 Demonstrative pronouns: 这 / 那
6 Interrogative pronoun + 也/都
7 哪个 / 哪些 "Which"
8 哪儿 / 哪里 "Where"
9 谁 "Who"
10 Confusion between 哪 and 什么
11 什么 "What"
12 Measure word + 什么
13 多少"How much, how many"/多久"How long"
14 Interrogative pronouns: Subject/Object
15 怎么样 "How about"
16 怎么 "How; What"
17 不怎么 "Not much"
18 做什么 "What-to do"
17 Chinese Grammar Points about 也 (Yě)
1. 也"also"
也， meaning "also", is an adverb. It can be placed before 是, but it cannot precede a noun or a pronoun.
2. 而且 + 也/还: "Not only-but also-"
也 or 还 can be used to add additional information about the subject.
3. 也 vs. 还
When 2 clauses do not share the same subject, 也 becomes necessary. 还 cannot be used for sentences with more than one subjects.
4. 又 vs 也
又 is defined as 'again', it indicates the repetition of an action or event that already took place. 也 implies a different subject did the same thing.
5. 也 vs. 都
也 means "also". 都 means "all". Both are adverbs. They can be placed before 是, but they cannot precede a noun or a pronoun.
6. 也好/也罢: "Whether-or not"
When used together, people would normally associate 也好 to a positive choice or action and 也罢 to a negative one, and the sequence is always 也好 first, followed by 也罢.
7. 即使-也: "Even if"
When 也 appears in a sentence with 即使， it does not have a stand-alone meaning, and should not be literally translated as 'also'. 即使-也 is a pair that means 'even if'; it is interchangeable with 就是-也.
8. 除了-以外，也: To show 'inclusion'
1. This expression can be used to show 'inclusion', the main sentence should have 也. Usually, what follows 除了 is the known information; the main clause is used to give additional information. 2. When the 2 parts of the sentence refer to different subjects, only 也 can be used (and 还 cannot).
9. 什么/谁 + 也 + 没
Interrogative pronouns can be placed before 也+没 for meaning 'nobody','nothing', etc.
10. 连-也/都 'Even-also'
连...也/都 is used as an emphatic expression to indicate an extreme situation. Either 也 or 都 can be used before the verb in the main sentence.
11. 一点儿也不: "Not in the least"
一点儿也不 is used to express complete negation, "not at all, Not in the least". This is an emphatic expression.
12. 怎么也+不: "No matter what"
怎么也+不: "No matter what" used to emphasize that something is always true, or that someone must do something.
13. 既不…也不: "Neither…nor"
The conjunction 既不-也不 means "neither…nor".
14. 再也不-了: "Never again"
再也不-了 is a strong expression, which means 'never again'. 了 is necessary to show a change of situation.
15. 再也 + 没有 "never,no-again"
再也，meaning 'again', can be placed in front of 没有 to emphasize the negation. 再也没有-过 indicates that something has stopped happening since a certain point. 再也没有+noun+了 implies 'no longer' and 了 is not optional.
16. Rhetorical Question with 不也是
不也是 is usually used in a rhetorical question.
17. 无论/不管-也: "No matter"
无论/不管 can be omitted, and 也 tends to be used when the main clause is negative.
How to use Chinese Transition Words 首先，其次，然后，and 最后 etc.
- 首先 can be used to set up a sequence of events
- 首先-其次-再次=first-second-third
- 首先=first of all
- 再次=once again, once more, third
- 最后= finally, in the end, at last
- 先=first
- 第 with Chinese number can be used as ordinal number
- 进而 and then
- 而现在= and now
- 后来= later, subsequently
- 以-开头 begins with.
- 接着= then, after that
- 接下来= next, then
- 然后= then
12 Chinese Complex Sentence Patterns
- 1. 并列复句 Coordinate complex sentence
In Coordinate complex sentence, every clause describes different aspects of the subject. - 2. 承接复句 Successive complex sentence
In successive complex sentence, consecutive clauses describe things happen or come one after the other. - 3. 递进复句 Progressive complex sentence
In progressive complex sentence, the second clause aggravates or expands the meaning of the first. - 4. 选择复句 Alternative complex sentence
In alternative complex sentence, every clause illustrates different elements and offers the possibility of selection. - 5. 解说复句 Explanation complex sentence
In explanation complex sentence, the subordinate clauses describe the details or explains the subject of the main clause. - 6. 条件复句 Conditional complex sentence
In conditional complex sentence, the subordinate clause states the condition and the main clause expresses the result which depends on that condition. - 7. 假设复句 Hypothetical complex sentence
In hypothetical complex sentence, the subordinate clause propose a hypothesis and the main clause explains the effect of that hypothesis. - 8. 目的复句 Purposive complex sentence
In purposive complex sentence, the subordinate clause states the purpose, and the main clause explains the action taken for this purpose. - 9. 因果复句 Causative complex sentence
In causative complex sentence, the subordinate clause explains the reason, and the main clause shows the result. - 10. 转折复句 Adversative complex sentence
In adversative complex sentence, the first clause is the subordinate and the second is the main clause, and they express the opposite meanings to each other. - 11. 让步复句 Concessive complex sentence
According to the information given in the concession clause, the things mentioned in the main clause are surprising and unexpected. - 12. 取舍复句 Preference complex sentence
In preference complex sentence, two clauses put forward 2 different actions. The subject prefers one of them more than the other. The subordinate clause indicates rejecting, and the main clause indicates accepting.
16 Basic Chinese Sentence Patterns
1. 动词谓语句：There are 3 basic structures of Verbal Predicate Sentences, including:
(1). The most common sentence pattern in Chinese is Subject + Verbal Predicate + Object, it's called "主谓宾结构".
(2). Subject+Verbal predicate
(3). subject+Verbal predicate+Indirect object+Direct object
2. 把字句：In a 把-sentence with a verbal predicate, the preposition 把 and its object act as the adverbial adjunct.
Its basic structure is Subject + 把+Receiver of the action + Verbal Predicate + Other Elements.
3. 被字句：In a passive voice sentence, passive preposition 被, 让, 叫 and its object act as an adverbial adjunct to modify the verbal predicate. It illustrates an action that is not done by the subject.
The basic structure is: Person or thing acted on + 被 + the actor + verb + Other Elements.
4. 连谓句：A sentence with verbal constructions in sequence is one in which the subject has 2 or more verbal phrases as predicates.
5. 兼语句：A pivotal sentence has 2 predicates, while the object of the first predicate is at the same time the subject of the second. The element that is used as the object of the first predicate and the subject of the 2nd is called the pivot.
6. 双宾语句：Double Object Sentence is a sentence with both direct and indirect objects.
The basic structure: Subject + Verbal predicate + Indirect object + Direct object
7. 有字句：A 有-sentence uses 有 as the predicate, indicating 'possession' or 'existence'.
Its structure is: S + 有 + O
8. 是字句：A 是-sentence uses the verb 是 as the predicate.
Its structure is: S + 是 + O.
9. 存现句：An existential sentence is one that indicates the existence, appearance of a thing or a person. At the beginning of such sentences, the time/place phrase must be used.
10. 形容词谓语句：An adjectival predicate sentence has an adjective as the predicate to describe the character of a person or a thing. Its structure is S+ Adjectival predicate.
11. 名词谓语句：A nominal predicate sentences has a noun phrase as the main predicate of the sentence. The basic structure is: S + Nominal Predicate
12. 主谓谓语句：There is a unique sentence in Chinese named subject-predicate predicate sentences. The basic structure is: S + Subject-Predicate Structure
13. 名词非主谓句：The sentence composed of a single word/phrase other than the subject-predicate structure is called a non- subject-predicate sentence.
Nominal non-subject-predicate sentence includes:
（l）nouns (证件！);
（2）attribute-head word(多好的孩子！) ;
（3） joint phrase (老张和老李.);
（4）的 structure (卖菜的.) .
14. 形容词非主谓句：Adjectival non-subject-predicate sentences include:
（1）adjective (好！);
（2）adjective-complement phrase (好极了！).
15. 动词非主谓句：Verbal non-subject-predicate sentences include:
（l） verb (听！);
（2）verb-object phrase (到点了。);
（3）verb-complement phrase (吃完！);
（4）pivotal structure (祝你健康！);
（5）verbal constructions in sequence (开窗户通风。)
16. 特殊非主谓句：Special non-subject predicate sentences include:
（l）adverb (不！) ;
（2）interjection (哎哟！叹词非主谓句);
（3）onomatopoeia (砰！);
（4）pronoun (怎么啦？) .
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